Abbreviations

N-Y

N N normal (concentration); number(statistics) n nano-; neutron n number (statistics); normal(chemical name) NAD, NAD+, NADH nicrotinamide adenine dinucleotides NADP, NADP+, NADPH and phosphates nm nanometer NMR nuclear magnetic resonance no. number Ω Ω ohm O ○ ortho-, in chemical name osmol osmole P p peta-; poise; pressure p phosphate other than inorganic; probability Pi inorganic phosphate p pico- p para-, in chemical name % percent ‰ permille pH negative log of hydrogen ion concentration pK negative log of dissociation constant PM after noon ppm parts per million Q Q10 increase in rate of chemical reaction　for each 10℃ increase in temperature R R rntgen r correlation coefficient rad radian; radiation ref reference Rh rhesus RNA ribonucleic acid RNase ribonuclease rpm revolutions per minute rRNA ribosomal RNA S S siemens; Svedberg unit s second s symmetrical, in chemical name s.c. subcutaneous SD standard deviation SE standard error SEM standard error of the mean sp gr specific gravity square use exponent 2 Sv sievert (replaces rem) T T tera-, tesla t1/2 half-life TMP, TDP, TTP ribosylthymine phosphates Tris tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane tRNA transfer RNA half-life U U uniformly labeled; unit UMP, UDP, UTP uridine phosphates UV ultraviolet V V volt V volume vol/vol volume ratio vs versus W WBC white blood cell wk week wt weight wt/vol weight per volume wt/wt weight ratio X x mean XMP, XDP, XTP xanthosine phosphates Y yr year